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The formation of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Medical and Preventive Faculty is organically linked with the general history of the First Moscow State Medical Universit named after I.M. Sechenov.
The first head of the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the medical and preventive faculty in the period 1930-1952. was Professor Efim Ilich Kvetore – the founder of Russian endocrinological gynecology and the founder of an independent school.
In 1952, in connection with a unified curriculum and curriculum of teaching, the departments of obstetrics and gynecology of the medical and sanitary-hygienic faculty were merged. Joint department from 1952 to 1966 led by Honored Scientist Professor Konstantin Nikolaevich Shmekin. In 1967, in the interests of teaching and strengthening the scientific and material base, the department was merged with the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the USSR Ministry of Health under the guidance of Academician AMS USSR Professor Leonid Semenovich Perseyaninov.
In 1969, due to the change in the program of teaching obstetrics and gynecology, as well as with an increase in the number of students, it was decided to divide the department again into two. The head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Faculty of Sanitary and Hygiene was elected Professor Lidiya Vasilyevna Vanina, who raised to a high level the development of the problem of diseases of the cardiovascular system and pregnancy. The country’s first specialized cardiological maternity hospital was established.
The basic principles of management of pregnancy and childbirth in patients with congenital and acquired heart defects, including after their surgical correction, cardiac rhythm disturbances, pulmonary hypertension, etc., have been developed. New methods for detecting the preclinical stage of heart failure, determination of reserve capabilities have been developed and put into practice heart using veloergometrii, prediction of pulmonary edema, management of pregnancy and delivery of patients with heart defects in the pressure chamber.
The introduction into practice of a specialized maternity hospital of the basic principles of pregnancy and delivery of patients with heart defects has significantly reduced maternal and perinatal mortality in patients with this pathology.
Since 1987, the department was headed by Alexander Davidovich Makatsariya.
The scientific directions of the department have expanded and began to develop such priority problems as prevention of thromboembolic complications in pregnant women, especially in patients with cardiovascular diseases, prevention of massive coagulopathic bleeding, antithrombotic therapy, hormone replacement therapy and hormonal contraception, prenatal diagnosis and principles of safe management of pregnancy and childbirth in patients with genetically determined forms of hemorrhagic diathesis (hemophilia conductors A and B, Willebrand disease, deficiencies of factors, thrombocytopathy), abnormal uterine bleeding in the juvenile, reproductive and menopausal periods, preserving reproductive health and improving the quality of life of women.
In recent years, the department, one of the first in the country, began to study the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of genetically determined forms of thrombophilia (factor V-Leiden mutations, prothrombin mutation, hyperhomocysteinemia), the existence of which became known in the world only in the 90s of the XX century. For the first time on the basis of this, modern methods of diagnosing and preventing recurrent thrombotic complications in obstetric and gynecological practice have been developed and put into practice.
One of the major problems developed by the department in recent years has been the study of the role of hereditary thrombophilia and APS in the development of pregnancy complications: recurrent miscarriage, gestosis, antenatal fetal death, fetal intrauterine growth retardation (VUHD), premature detachment of the placenta, and their role in gynecological and gynecological practice. On the above problems, more than 750 scientific papers were published, 140 candidate and 24 doctoral theses were defended.
